Significant Mineral Resource Upgrade for Project Iron Bear

The Administrators of Labrador Iron Ore Royalty Company (“LIORC” or the “Company”) current the Annual Report for the 12 months ended December 31, 2023 .

86 Years in Labrador West

Labrador Iron Ore Royalty Company has been concerned in Labrador West for 86 years. Beneath a Statutory Settlement with Newfoundland made in 1938, a predecessor firm, Labrador Mining and Exploration Restricted (“LM&E”), was granted in depth exploration and mining rights in Labrador West. LM&E discovered the iron ore our bodies that now represent the mine operated by Iron Ore Firm of Canada . LM&E obtained grants of leases and licences below the Statutory Settlement. It additionally obtained a grant of floor rights to ascertain the city website that grew to become Labrador Metropolis . LM&E sublets the leases to IOC and IOC, with main metal firms as unique shareholders, constructed the infrastructure, mine, railway and port. Beneath the sublease, LIORC receives a 7% gross overriding royalty on iron ore merchandise produced and bought by IOC.

Monetary Efficiency

In 2023, LIORC’s monetary outcomes had been negatively impacted by decrease iron ore costs and decrease pellet premiums, in addition to a much less advantageous product combine (decrease volumes of pellet gross sales and better volumes of focus on the market (“CFS”) gross sales). Web earnings per share for the 12 months ended December 31, 2023 was $2.91 per share, which was a 30% lower over 2022. The money move from operations per share for 2023 was $2.38 per share, which was 17% decrease than in 2022 resulting from decrease royalty revenues and decreased dividends from IOC. IOC dividends decreased because of decrease earnings at IOC and a call by IOC to pay decrease shareholder dividends to be able to retain a better money steadiness due partly to expectations of upper capital expenditure wants going ahead.  In 2023, IOC paid dividends to its shareholders totalling US$250 million and had a year-end internet working capital steadiness of US$345.8 million , in comparison with dividends of US$345 million and a year-end internet working capital steadiness of US$274.7 million in 2022.

In December 2023 metal manufacturing in China , which had seen 1.5% progress year-to-date, dropped 15% relative to December 2022 . Consequently, international metal manufacturing ended the 12 months flat relative to 2022, and 5% decrease than 2021, when the market skilled report costs for iron ore. On the availability aspect, three producers, Rio Tinto, BHP and Vale, account for over half the world’s quantity of seaborne iron ore.  The mixed manufacturing of iron ore in calendar 2023 by these producers was 907 million tonnes, a rise of two.4% over calendar 2022.

IOC sells CFS primarily based on the the Platts index for 65% Fe, CFR China (the “65% Fe index”). All references to tonnes and per tonne costs on this report discuss with moist metric tonnes, aside from references to Platts quoted pricing, which discuss with dry metric tonnes. Traditionally, IOC’s moist ore comprises roughly 3% much less ore per equal quantity than dry ore. In 2023, the typical value for the 65% Fe index was US$132 per tonne, a lower of 5% 12 months over 12 months. The 65% Fe index continued to be fairly unstable all year long, beginning the 12 months at US$131 per tonne and buying and selling as little as US$110 per tonne in Could, earlier than ending the 12 months at US$151 per tonne.

Along with the discount in iron ore costs, pellet premiums dropped as metal producers, confronted with tightening revenue margins, substituted top quality pellets with cheaper, decrease high quality iron feed.

The month-to-month Atlantic Blast Furnace 65% Fe pellet premium index as quoted by Platts (the “pellet premium”) averaged US$45 per tonne in 2023, a lower of 38% from 2022.

Rio Tinto disclosed that IOC achieved a mean realised value for pellets, FOB Sept-Îles of roughly US$155 per tonne, a lower of 18% 12 months over 12 months. Based mostly on gross sales as reported for the LIORC Royalty, the general common value realized by IOC for CFS and pellets, FOB Sept-Îles was roughly US$130 per tonne in 2023, a lower of 15% 12 months over 12 months. The lower within the common realized value FOB Sept-Îles in 2023 was a results of decrease CFS and pellet costs.

Iron Ore Firm of Canada Operations

Operations

Complete focus manufacturing in 2023 was 17.7 million tonnes. This was 7% decrease than 2022. Whereas focus manufacturing was 5% increased within the fourth quarter of 2023 in comparison with the fourth quarter of 2022, this was not sufficient to offset the decrease focus manufacturing within the third quarter resulting from sudden gear failures with the thickener rake drive and the overland supply system conveyor belt and the decrease focus manufacturing within the second quarter because of the impression of the forest fires.

The IOC saleable manufacturing (CFS plus pellets) of 16.5 million tonnes in 2023 was 6% decrease than 2022 and was 8% decrease than the low finish of the vary of Rio Tinto’s unique annual steering of 17.9 to 19.6 million tonnes, resulting from prolonged plant downtime within the second and third quarters because of the gear failures and forest fires referred to above. Saleable manufacturing within the fourth quarter of 4.6 million tonnes was 7% increased than the fourth quarter of 2022.  In 2023, CFS manufacturing of 8.2 million tonnes was 3% increased than 2022, primarily resulting from much less focus being diverted to make pellets. Pellet manufacturing in 2023 of 8.3 million tonnes was 14% decrease than 2022, partly because of lack of feed, in addition to a rise within the period of the induration machine 3 rebuild.

Regardless of the forest fires that restricted rail service within the second quarter of 2023, third get together iron ore haulage by the Québec North Shore and Labrador Railway Firm, Inc. (“QNS&L”) of 17.7 million tonnes in 2023 was 21% increased than in 2022 and 38% increased than in 2021, predominantly resulting from elevated shipments of iron ore from Champion Iron Restricted.

Gross sales as Reported for the LIORC Royalty

Complete iron ore gross sales tonnage by IOC (CFS plus pellets) of 16.3 million tonnes in 2023 was 1% decrease than the whole gross sales tonnage in 2022, predominantly resulting from stock availability in each 2023 and 2022.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures for IOC had been US$362 million in 2023, or 2% decrease than 2022.  Capital expenditures in 2023 had been 11% decrease than the US$407 million that IOC had initially forecasted, primarily because of the resolution by IOC to defer sure capital tasks, together with the rebuild of shovel 101 on the mine and culvert replacements alongside the QNS&L line, and delays within the improvement of the mine wi-fi community, the execution of the Mill 11 superb circuit redesign undertaking to extend restoration yield, and the substitute of present heavy gas oil steam capability with an electrical boiler to scale back carbon emissions.

Outlook

Rio Tinto’s 2024 steering for IOC’s saleable manufacturing tonnage (CFS plus pellets) is 16.7 million to 19.6 million tonnes. This compares to 16.5 million tonnes of saleable manufacturing in 2023.

Regardless of ongoing decrease pellet premiums, it’s anticipated that IOC will proceed to give attention to maximizing pellet manufacturing in 2023.

The capital expenditures for 2024 at IOC are forecasted by IOC to be roughly US$431 million . The 2024 forecast contains roughly US$80 million of progress and improvement tasks.  Important improvement capital expenditure tasks embody the redesign of Mill 11 Nice Circuit and the substitute of present heavy gas oil steam capability with an electrical boiler, which tasks had been beforehand scheduled for 2023 however delayed. Important sustaining capital expenditure tasks embody the monitor substitute program at QNS&L to make sure the protected and environment friendly operation of the elevated rail site visitors.

In September, IOC introduced a significant donation of $4 million over two years to the Cégep de Sept-Îles in Quebec, Canada for the development of its new pavilion for coaching, analysis and innovation within the railway, industrial upkeep and vitality intelligence industries. The brand new partnership will strengthen Sept-Îles’ place as a centre of excellence for specialised coaching in railway operations and supply native Indigenous communities with further coaching and employment alternatives.

IOC’s operator, Rio Tinto, continues to be dedicated to reaching internet zero emissions by 2050 and is concentrating on a 15% discount in Scope 1 & 2 emissions by 2025 and a 50% discount by 2030 ⁽¹⁾ (from a 2018 fairness baseline). Roughly 70% of IOC’s present complete greenhouse gasoline (“GHG”) emissions come from pelletizing. In 2023, IOC started its pilot undertaking to check the usage of 4 new plasma torches within the pellet plant, which might probably substitute the usage of bunker ‘C’ gas oil within the induration course of. Extra instantly, IOC has initiated a undertaking (anticipated to be accomplished within the first half of 2025) to put in an electrical boiler to displace emissions from the utilization of the heavy gas oil boilers, in addition to instrumentation and fuel-efficient burners to additional scale back heavy gas oil consumption within the induration course of. By means of the Low Carbon Financial system Fund, the Authorities of Canada has awarded $18.1 million (or roughly 25% of the anticipated complete price of the undertaking) to IOC to assist the undertaking, which is predicted to get rid of roughly 9% of IOC’s GHG emissions, or a cumulative discount of about 2.2 million tonnes of GHG emissions over the lifetime of the undertaking.

Rio Tinto’s method to addressing Scope 3 emissions is to have interaction with its clients on local weather change and work with them to develop the applied sciences to decarbonize. Metal manufacturing at the moment accounts for about 9% of GHG emissions. Methods to scale back metal manufacturing GHG emissions embody optimizing the usage of conventional blast furnaces by the usage of higher-grade iron ore (resembling that produced by IOC), and extra importantly processing high-grade direct discount iron ore pellets (resembling these produced by IOC) to be used as direct feed in electrical arc furnaces.  In regard to this second course of, Rio Tinto has acknowledged that it’s finding out the feasibility of constructing a hydrogen-based scorching briquetted iron plant at IOC. The proposed plant would have entry to high-grade Direct Discount pellets from IOC, and renewable electrical energy, with the prospect of manufacturing inexperienced hydrogen.

Regardless of ongoing considerations concerning the worldwide economic system and the property sector in China particularly, the outlook for metal demand and for iron ore costs stays fairly strong. At the moment, the World Metal Affiliation is forecasting a 1.9% improve in international metal manufacturing for 2024. To this point in 2024 (January and February), the typical value of the 65% Fe index has been US$142 per tonne, up from a mean of US$132 per tonne in 2023. Nevertheless, the demand for pellets has remained weaker and up to now in 2024 (January and February) the typical pellet premium has averaged US$40 per tonne in comparison with an annual common of US$45 per tonne in 2023 and an annual common of US$72 per tonne in 2022.

I want to take this chance to thank our Shareholders for his or her curiosity and assist and my fellow Administrators for his or her steering.

Respectfully submitted on behalf of the Administrators of the Company,

John F. Tuer
President and Chief Govt Officer
March 12, 2024

Company Construction

LIORC is a Canadian company fashioned to present impact to the conversion of the Labrador Iron Ore Royalty Earnings Fund (the “Fund”) into a company below a plan of association accomplished on July 1, 2010 . LIORC can also be the successor by amalgamation of a predecessor of LIORC with Labrador Mining Firm Restricted, previously a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund, that occurred pursuant to the plan of association.

LIORC, straight and thru its wholly-owned subsidiary Hollinger-Hanna, holds a 15.10% fairness curiosity in IOC and receives a 7% gross overriding royalty on all iron ore product produced, bought and shipped by IOC and a 10 cent per tonne fee on all iron ore merchandise produced and bought by IOC.  Usually, LIORC pays money dividends from the free money move generated from IOC to the utmost extent doable, topic to the upkeep of applicable ranges of working capital. Quarterly dividends are payable to all shareholders of report on the final enterprise day of every calendar quarter and are paid on or after the twenty sixth day of the next month.

Seven Administrators are liable for the governance of the Company and likewise function administrators of Hollinger-Hanna. The Administrators, along with managing the affairs of the Company and Hollinger-Hanna, oversee the Company’s pursuits in IOC. The Audit and Governance and Human Assets Committees are composed of 4 unbiased Administrators.

Taxation

The Company is a taxable company. Dividend earnings obtained from IOC and Hollinger-Hanna is obtained tax free whereas royalty earnings is topic to earnings tax and Newfoundland and Labrador royalty tax. Bills of the Company embody administrative bills. Hollinger-Hanna is a taxable company.

Earnings Taxes

Dividends to a shareholder which might be paid inside a specific 12 months are to be included within the calculation of the shareholder’s taxable earnings for that 12 months. All dividends paid in 2023 had been “eligible dividends” below the Earnings Tax Act.

Overview of Operations

Iron Ore Firm of Canada

The earnings of the Company is fully depending on IOC as the one property of the Company and its subsidiary are associated to IOC and its operations. IOC is one in every of Canada’s largest iron ore producers, working a mine, concentrator and pellet plant at Labrador Metropolis, Newfoundland and Labrador , and is among the many high 5 producers of seaborne iron ore pellets on the earth.  It has been producing and

processing iron ore focus and pellets since 1954.  IOC is strategically located to serve markets all through the world from its year-round port services at Sept-Îles, Québec.

IOC has ore reserves ample for 21 years at present manufacturing charges with further sources of a larger magnitude.  It at the moment has the nominal capability to extract round 55 million tonnes of crude ore yearly. The crude ore is processed into iron ore focus after which both bought or transformed into many various qualities of iron ore pellets to satisfy its clients’ wants. The iron ore focus and pellets are transported to IOC’s port services at Sept-Îles, Québec through its wholly-owned QNS&L, a 418 kilometer rail line which hyperlinks the mine and the port.  From there, the merchandise are shipped to markets all through North America , Europe , the Center East and the Asia-Pacific area.

IOC’s 2023 gross sales tonnages totaled 16.3 million tonnes, comprised of 8.4 million tonnes of iron ore pellets and seven.9 million tonnes of iron ore focus.   Saleable manufacturing in 2023 was 8.3 million tonnes of pellets and eight.2 million tonnes of CFS. IOC generated ore gross sales revenues (excluding third get together ore gross sales) of $2,830 million in 2023 (2022 – $3,184 million ).

Chosen IOC Monetary Data

IOC Royalty

The Company holds sure leases and licenses overlaying roughly 18,200 hectares of land close to Labrador Metropolis . IOC has subleased sure parts of those lands from which it at the moment mines iron ore. In return, IOC pays the Company a 7% gross overriding royalty on all gross sales of iron ore merchandise produced from these lands. A 20% tax on the royalty is payable to the Authorities of Newfoundland and Labrador . For the 5 years previous to 2023, the typical royalty internet of the 20% tax had been $162.1 million per 12 months and in 2023 the online royalty was $158.8 million (2022 – $184.6 million ).

As a result of the royalty is “off-the-top”, it’s not depending on the profitability of IOC. Nevertheless, it’s affected by modifications in gross sales volumes, iron ore costs and, as a result of iron ore costs are denominated in US {dollars}, the US – Canadian greenback trade charge.

IOC Fairness

Along with the royalty curiosity, the Company straight and thru its wholly owned subsidiary, Hollinger-Hanna, owns a 15.10% fairness curiosity in IOC.  The opposite shareholders of IOC are Rio Tinto Restricted with 58.72% and Mitsubishi Company with 26.18%.

IOC Commissions

Hollinger-Hanna has the precise to obtain a cost of 10 cents per tonne on the merchandise produced and bought by IOC. Pursuant to an settlement, IOC is obligated to make the cost to Hollinger-Hanna so lengthy

as Hollinger-Hanna is in existence and solvent.  In 2023, Hollinger-Hanna obtained a complete of $1.6 million in commissions from IOC (2022 – $1.6 million ).

Quarterly Dividends

Dividends of $2.55 per share had been declared in 2023 (2022 – dividends of $3.10 per share). These dividends had been allotted as follows:

The quarterly dividends are payable to all shareholders of report on the final enterprise day of every calendar quarter and are paid on or after the twenty sixth day of the next month.

Administration’s Dialogue and Evaluation

The next is a dialogue of the consolidated monetary situation and outcomes of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. This dialogue ought to be learn at the side of the consolidated monetary statements of the Company and notes thereto for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 that are ready in accordance with Worldwide Monetary Reporting Requirements (“IFRS”) as issued by the Worldwide Accounting Requirements Board (“IASB”) and all quantities are proven in Canadian {dollars} except in any other case indicated.

Overview of the Enterprise

The Company is a Canadian company ensuing from the conversion of the Fund into a company below a plan of association accomplished on July 1, 2010 . LIORC can also be the successor by amalgamation of a predecessor of LIORC with Labrador Mining Firm Restricted, previously a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund, that occurred pursuant to the plan of association.

The Company is economically depending on the operations of IOC. IOC’s earnings and money flows are affected by the quantity and mixture of iron ore merchandise produced and bought, prices of manufacturing and the costs obtained. Iron ore demand and costs fluctuate and are affected by quite a few components which embody demand for metal and metal merchandise, the relative trade charge of the US greenback, international and regional demand and manufacturing, political and financial situations and manufacturing prices in main producing areas.

Monetary Highlights

The decrease income, internet earnings and fairness earnings achieved in 2023 as in comparison with 2022 had been primarily resulting from decrease iron ore costs and decrease pellet premiums, in addition to a much less advantageous product combine (decrease volumes of pellet gross sales and better volumes of CFS gross sales). Iron ore costs and pellet premiums had been decrease because of flat demand for metal and low margins inflicting metal producers to favour cheaper, low high quality iron ore over top quality iron ore merchandise. Complete gross sales tonnage (pellets and CFS) at IOC had been 1% decrease in 2023 than 2022, predominantly resulting from operational points (thickener, overland conveyor, rebuild of induration machine #3, and forest fires, as referenced above) resulting in stock availability points.

Fourth quarter 2023 gross sales tonnage (pellets and CFS) was increased year-over-year by 9% resulting from increased saleable manufacturing and improved stock availability. Royalty income was $54.1 million for the quarter as in comparison with $47.6 million for a similar interval in 2022. Fourth quarter 2023 money move from operations was $26.4 million or $0.41 per share in comparison with fourth quarter 2022 money move from operations of $60.5 million or $0.95 per share. LIORC obtained no IOC dividend within the fourth quarter of 2023 (2022 – $15.4 million or $0.24 per share). Fairness earnings from IOC amounted to $26.2 million or $0.41 per share within the fourth quarter of 2023 in comparison with $19.7 million or $0.31 per share for a similar interval in 2022.

Working Highlights

IOC’s complete focus manufacturing in 2023 of 17.7 million tonnes, was 7% decrease than 2022. Whereas focus manufacturing was 5% increased within the fourth quarter of 2023 in comparison with the fourth quarter of 2022, this was not sufficient to offset the decrease focus manufacturing within the third quarter resulting from sudden gear failures with the thickener rake drive and the overland supply system conveyor belt and the decrease focus manufacturing within the second quarter because of the impression of the forest fires.  IOC’s complete saleable manufacturing (CFS plus pellets) of 16.5 million tonnes in 2023 was 6% decrease than 2022, resulting from prolonged plant downtime within the second and third quarters because of the gear failures and forest fires referred to above. In 2023, CFS manufacturing of 8.2 million tonnes was 3% increased than 2022, primarily resulting from much less focus being diverted to make pellets. Pellet manufacturing in 2023 of 8.3 million tonnes was 14% decrease than 2022, partly because of lack of feed, in addition to a rise within the period of the induration machine 3 rebuild.

IOC sells CFS primarily based on the 65% Fe index. In 2023, the typical value for the 65% Fe index was US$132 per tonne, a lower of 5% 12 months over 12 months, primarily resulting from a rise in iron ore provide not being met by a rise in international metal manufacturing. Along with the discount in iron ore costs, pellet premiums dropped as metal producers, confronted with tightening revenue margins, substituted top quality pellets with cheaper, decrease high quality iron feed. The month-to-month pellet premium averaged US$45 per tonne in 2023, a lower of 38% from 2022. Based mostly on gross sales as reported for the LIORC Royalty, the general common value realized by IOC for CFS and pellets, FOB Sept-Îles was roughly US$130 per tonne in 2023, a lower of 15% 12 months over 12 months. The lower within the common realized value FOB Sept-Îles in 2023 was a results of decrease CFS and pellet costs.

Capital expenditures for IOC had been US$362 million in 2023, or 2% decrease than 2022.  Capital expenditures in 2023 had been 11% decrease than the US$407 million that IOC had initially forecasted, primarily because of the resolution by IOC to defer sure capital tasks, together with the rebuild of shovel 101 on the mine, and culvert replacements alongside the QNS&L line, and delays within the improvement of the mine wi-fi community, the execution of the Mill 11 superb circuit redesign undertaking to extend restoration yield, and the substitute of present heavy gas oil steam capability with an electrical boiler to scale back carbon emissions.

Liquidity and Capital Assets

The Company had $13.2 million (2022 – $39.9 million ) in money as at December 31, 2023 with complete present property of $67.5 million (2022 – $83.0 million ). The Company had working capital of $27.2 million (2022 – $29.0 million ). The Company’s working money move was $152.5 million (2022 – $184.2 million ) and dividends paid throughout the 12 months had been $179.2 million , leading to money balances lowering by $26.7 million throughout 2023.

Money balances encompass deposits in Canadian {dollars} and US {dollars} with a Canadian chartered financial institution. Accounts receivable primarily encompass royalty funds from IOC. Royalty funds are obtained in U.S. {dollars} and transformed to Canadian {dollars} on receipt, normally 25 days after the quarter finish. The Company doesn’t usually try and hedge this short-term overseas forex publicity.

Working money move of the Company is sourced fully from IOC by the Company’s 7% royalty, 10 cents fee per tonne and dividends from its 15.10% fairness curiosity in IOC. The Company usually pays money dividends from the free money move generated from IOC to the utmost extent doable, topic to the upkeep of applicable ranges of working capital.

The Company has a $30 million revolving credit score facility with a time period ending September 18, 2026 with provision for annual one-year extensions.  No quantity is at the moment drawn below this facility (2022—nil) leaving $30 million accessible to offer for any capital required by IOC or necessities of the Company.

Chosen Consolidated Monetary I nformation

The next desk units out monetary knowledge from a Shareholder’s perspective for the three years ended December 31, 2023 , 2022 and 2021.

The next desk units out quarterly income, internet earnings, money move and dividend knowledge for 2023 and 2022. Because of seasonal climate patterns the primary and fourth quarters usually have decrease manufacturing and gross sales. Royalty revenues and fairness earnings in IOC monitor iron ore spot costs, which will be very unstable. Dividends, included in money move, are declared and paid by IOC irregularly based on the provision of money.

Standardized Money Circulation and Adjusted Money Circulation

For the Company, standardized money move is identical as money move from working actions as recorded within the Company’s money move statements because the Company doesn’t incur capital expenditures or have any restrictions on dividends. Standardized money move per share was $2.38 for 2023 (2022 – $2.88 ).

The Company additionally studies “Adjusted money move” which is outlined as money move from working actions after changes for modifications in quantities receivable, accounts payable and earnings taxes recoverable and payable. It’s not a acknowledged measure below IFRS.  The Administrators consider that adjusted money move is a helpful analytical measure because it higher displays money accessible for distributions to Shareholders.

The next reconciles standardized money move from working actions to adjusted money move.

Disclosure Controls and Inside Management over Monetary Reporting

The President and CEO and the CFO are liable for establishing and sustaining disclosure controls and procedures and inner management over monetary reporting for the Company.  Two administrators function administrators of IOC and IOC offers month-to-month studies on its operations to them.  The Company additionally depends on monetary info offered by IOC, together with its audited monetary statements, and different materials info offered to the President and CEO and the CFO by officers of IOC.  IOC is a non-public company, and its monetary statements will not be publicly accessible.

The Administrators are knowledgeable of all materials info regarding the Company and its subsidiary by the officers of the Company on a well timed foundation and approve all core disclosure paperwork together with the Administration Data Round, the annual and interim monetary statements and associated Administration’s Dialogue and Analyses, the Annual Data Kind, any prospectuses and all press releases associated to the disclosure of quarterly and annual monetary statements and the declaration of dividends.  An analysis of the design and working effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures was performed below the supervision of the President and CEO and CFO.  Based mostly on their analysis, they concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures had been efficient in guaranteeing that each one materials info regarding the Company was accrued and communicated for the 12 months ended December 31, 2023 .

The President and CEO and the CFO have designed inner management over monetary reporting to offer cheap assurance concerning the reliability of economic reporting and the preparation of economic statements for exterior functions in accordance with IFRS.  An analysis of the design and working effectiveness of the Company’s inner management over monetary reporting was performed below the supervision of the President and CEO and CFO.  Based mostly on their analysis, they concluded that the Company’s inner management over monetary reporting was efficient and that there have been no materials weaknesses therein for the 12 months ended December 31 , 2023.

The preparation of economic statements requires the Company’s administration to make estimates and assumptions that have an effect on the reported quantities of the property, liabilities, income and bills reported every interval. Every of those estimates varies with respect to the extent of judgment concerned and the potential impression on the Company’s reported monetary outcomes. Estimates are deemed important when the Company’s monetary situation, change in monetary situation or outcomes of operations could be materially impacted by a special estimate or a change in estimate from interval to interval. By their nature, these estimates are topic to measurement uncertainty, and modifications in these estimates could have an effect on the consolidated monetary statements of future intervals.

No materials change within the Company’s inner management over monetary reporting occurred throughout the 12 months ended December 31, 2023 .

Ahead-Wanting Statements

This report could comprise “forward-looking” statements that contain dangers, uncertainties and different components which will trigger the precise outcomes, efficiency or achievements to be materially completely different from any future outcomes, efficiency or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Phrases resembling “could”, “will”, “count on”, “consider”, “plan”, “intend”, “ought to”, “would”, “anticipate” and different comparable terminology are supposed to establish forward-looking statements. These statements mirror present assumptions and expectations concerning future occasions and working efficiency as of the date of this report. Ahead-looking statements contain vital dangers and uncertainties, shouldn’t be learn as ensures of future efficiency or outcomes, and won’t essentially be correct indications of whether or not or not such outcomes will likely be achieved. Various components might trigger precise outcomes to range considerably, together with iron ore value and quantity volatility; the efficiency of IOC; market situations within the metal business; fluctuations within the worth of the Canadian and U.S. greenback; mining dangers that trigger a disruption in operations and availability of insurance coverage; disruption in IOC’s operations attributable to pure disasters, extreme climate situations and public well being crises, together with the COVID-19 outbreak; failure of data methods or harm from cyber safety assaults; opposed modifications in home and international financial and political situations; modifications in authorities regulation and taxation; nationwide, provincial and worldwide legal guidelines, rules and insurance policies concerning local weather change that additional restrict the emissions of greenhouse gases or improve the prices of operations for IOC or its clients; modifications affecting IOC’s clients; competitors from different iron ore producers; renewal of mining licenses and leases; relationships with indigenous teams; litigation; and uncertainty within the estimates of reserves and sources. A dialogue of those components is contained in LIORC’s annual info type dated March 12, 2024 below the heading, “Danger Components”. Though the forward-looking statements contained on this report are primarily based upon what administration of LIORC believes are cheap assumptions, LIORC can’t guarantee buyers that precise outcomes will likely be per these forward-looking statements. These ahead[1]trying statements are made as of the date of this report and LIORC assumes no obligation, besides as required by legislation, to replace any forward-looking statements to mirror new occasions or circumstances. This report ought to be seen at the side of LIORC’s different publicly accessible filings, copies of which will be obtained electronically on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca .

The entire consolidated monetary statements for the 12 months ended December 31, 2023 , together with the notes thereto, are posted on http://www.sedarplus.ca and labradorironore.com .

SOURCE Labrador Iron Ore Royalty Company

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